ELTES
29 Sept, 2022

Vowels

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel.

Front
Central
Back
Close
Close-mid
Open-mid
Open
i y
ɨ ʉ
ɯ u
ɪ ʏ
ʊ
e ø
ɘ ɵ
ɤ o
ə
ɛ œ
ɜ ɞ
ʌ ɔ
æ
ɐ
a ɶ
ɑ ɒ

Pulmonic Consonants

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant.

Areas shaded grey indicate articulations judged impossible.

Bi­labialLabio­dentalDentalAlveolarPost alveolarRetroflexPalatalVelarUvularPharyngealGlottal
Plosivepbtdʈɖcɟkgqɢʔ
Nasalmɱ nɳɲŋɴ
Trillʙr ʀ
Tap or Flapⱱɾɽ
Fricativeɸβfvθðszʃʒʂʐ çʝxɣχʁħʕhɦ
Lateral Fricativeɬɮ
Approximantʋɹɻjɰ
Lateral Approximantlɭʎʟ

Non-pulmonic consonants

ClicksVoiced implosivesEjectives
ʘBilabialɓBilabialpʼBilabial
ǀDentalɗDental/alveolartʼDental/alveolar
ǃ(Post)alveoalarʄPalatalkʼVelar
ǂPalatoalveolarɠVelarsʼAlveolar fricative
ǁAlveolar lateralʛUvular ʼetc…

Other symbols

ʍVoiceless labial-velar fricative
wVoiced labial-velar approximant
ɥVoiced labial-palatal approximant
ʜVoiceless epiglottal fricative
ʢVoiced epiglottal fricative
ʡEpiglottal plosive
ɕVoiceless alveolo-palatal fricative
ʑVoiced alveolo-palatal fricative
ɺAlveolar lateral flap
ɧSimultaneous ʃ and x
 

Affricates

t͡sVoiceless alveolar affricate
t͡ʃVoiceless palato-alveolar affricate
t͡ɕVoiceless alveolo-palatal affricate
ʈ͡ʂVoiceless retroflex affricate
d͡zVoiced alveolar affricate
d͡ʒVoiced post-alveolar affricate
d͡ʑVoiced alveolo-palatal affricate
ɖ͡ʐVoiceless retroflex affricate
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