Vowels
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel.
Front
Central
Back
Close
Close-mid
Open-mid
Open
i y
ɨ ʉ
ɯ u
ɪ ʏ
ʊ
e ø
ɘ ɵ
ɤ o
ə
ɛ œ
ɜ ɞ
ʌ ɔ
æ
ɐ
a ɶ
ɑ ɒ
Pulmonic Consonants
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant.
Areas shaded grey indicate articulations judged impossible.
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Post alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal |
|---|
| Plosive | p | b | | | t | d | ʈ | ɖ | c | ɟ | k | g | q | ɢ | | | ʔ | |
|---|
| Nasal | | m | | ɱ |
| n | | ɳ | | ɲ | | ŋ | | ɴ | | | | |
|---|
| Trill | | ʙ | | | | r | | | | | |
| | ʀ | | | | |
|---|
| Tap or Flap | | | | ⱱ | | ɾ | | ɽ | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Fricative | ɸ | β | f | v | θ | ð | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | ʂ | ʐ |
ç | ʝ | x | ɣ | χ | ʁ | ħ | ʕ | h | ɦ |
|---|
| Lateral Fricative | | | | | ɬ | ɮ | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Approximant | | | | ʋ | | ɹ | | ɻ | | j | | ɰ | | | | | | |
|---|
| Lateral Approximant | | | | | | l | | ɭ | | ʎ | | ʟ | | | | | | |
|---|
Non-pulmonic consonants
| Clicks | Voiced implosives | Ejectives |
|---|
| ʘBilabial | ɓBilabial | pʼBilabial |
| ǀDental | ɗDental/alveolar | tʼDental/alveolar |
| ǃ(Post)alveoalar | ʄPalatal | kʼVelar |
| ǂPalatoalveolar | ɠVelar | sʼAlveolar fricative |
| ǁAlveolar lateral | ʛUvular |
ʼetc… |
Other symbols
| ʍVoiceless labial-velar fricative |
| wVoiced labial-velar approximant |
| ɥVoiced labial-palatal approximant |
| ʜVoiceless epiglottal fricative |
| ʢVoiced epiglottal fricative |
| ʡEpiglottal plosive |
| ɕVoiceless alveolo-palatal fricative |
| ʑVoiced alveolo-palatal fricative |
| ɺAlveolar lateral flap |
| ɧSimultaneous ʃ and x |
Affricates
| t͡sVoiceless alveolar affricate |
| t͡ʃVoiceless palato-alveolar affricate |
| t͡ɕVoiceless alveolo-palatal affricate |
| ʈ͡ʂVoiceless retroflex affricate |
| d͡zVoiced alveolar affricate |
| d͡ʒVoiced post-alveolar affricate |
| d͡ʑVoiced alveolo-palatal affricate |
| ɖ͡ʐVoiceless retroflex affricate |
